Highlights•Clearance routes of nanoparticles in the lung are presented.•Factors influencing
nanoparticle transaction are discussed.•Physicochemical properties of the nanoparticles …

The inhaled nanoparticles have attracted more and more attention, since they are more
easily to enter the deep part of respiratory system. Some nanoparticles were reported to …

The pulmonary route has recently gained momentum as a suitable avenue for drug delivery.
The large alveolar surface area of approximately 75 m2 coupled with the thin epithelial …

This two-part review explores the nanoscale in inhalation delivery. The first part covers the
deposition, fate, toxicity and effects of nanoparticles delivered via inhalation. The second …

This review presents the different pathways that nanomedicines can follow after deposition
in the lung. These include their interactions with the air–liquid interface, their diffusion in and …

Targeted delivery of drug molecules to organs or special sites is one of the most challenging
research areas in pharmaceutical sciences. By developing colloidal delivery systems such …

The field of nanotechnology may hold the promise of significant improvements in the health
and well being of patients, as well as in manufacturing technologies. The knowledge of this …

We are providing an update to our previously published review paper on inhaled
nanoparticles, thus updating with the most recent reports in the literature. The field of …

Pulmonary drug delivery has drawn great attention due to its targeted local lung action,
reduced side effects, and ease of administration. However, inhaled nanoparticles (NPs) …

Respiratory diseases are an increasing burden for the ageing population. Although our
understanding of these diseases has improved significantly over the past decades …