Importance Growing interest in microbial dysbiosis during critical illness has raised
questions about the therapeutic potential of microbiome modification with probiotics. Prior …

Nosocomial pneumonia is one of the most frequent infections in critical patients. It is
primarily associated with mechanical ventilation leading to severe illness, high mortality, and …

The respiratory microbiome has been less explored than the gut microbiome. Despite the
speculated importance of dysbiosis of the microbiome in ventilator-associated pneumonia …

Nosocomial pneumonia is one of the most frequent infections in critical patients. It is
primarily associated with mechanical ventilation leading to severe illness, high mortality, and …

The historical hypothesis of sterility of the lungs was invalidated over a decade ago when
studies demonstrated the existence of sparse but very diverse bacterial populations in the …

The understanding of the gut microbiome in health and disease has shown tremendous
progress in the last decade. Shaped and balanced throughout life, the gut microbiome is …

Despite the considerable number of studies reported to date, the causative agents of
pneumonia are not completely identified. We comprehensively applied modern and …

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is the most frequent nosocomial infection in critically
ill-ventilated patients. Oropharyngeal and lung microbiota have been demonstrated to be …

Objective To describe the possible modes of action of probiotics and provide a systematic
review of the current evidence on the efficacy of probiotics to prevent ventilator-associated …

Complex microbial communities that reside in the lungs, skin and gut are now appreciated
for their role in maintaining organ, tissue and immune homoeostasis. As lungs are currently …