This review examines the generation of reactive oxygen species by mammalian
mitochondria, and the status of different sites of production in redox signaling and pathology …

The production of ROS (reactive oxygen species) by mammalian mitochondria is important
because it underlies oxidative damage in many pathologies and contributes to retrograde …

Mitochondrial radical production is important in redox signaling, aging and disease, but the
relative contributions of different production sites are poorly understood. We analyzed the …

The mitochondrial respiratory chain is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in
eukaryotic cells. Mitochondrial ROS production associated with a dysfunction of respiratory …

The present review and commentary considers oxidative stress as a disruption of
mitochondrial redox circuitry rather than an imbalance of oxidants and antioxidants …

The sites and rates of mitochondrial production of superoxide and H 2 O 2 in vivo are not yet
defined. At least 10 different mitochondrial sites can generate these species. Each site has a …

Significance: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are now widely recognized as central
mediators of cell signaling. Mitochondria are major sources of ROS. Recent Advances: It is …

The reduction of oxygen to water proceeds via one electron at a time. In the mitochondrial
respiratory chain, Complex IV (cytochrome oxidase) retains all partially reduced …

For over 40 years, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and balance
has been studied in the context of oxidative distress and tissue damage. However, research …

Mitochondrial production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide is potentially important in
cell signaling and disease. Eleven distinct mitochondrial sites that differ markedly in capacity …