tion by TCD does not necessarily imply the presence of a PFO. Any right-to-left shunt such
as that resulting from ventricular septal defect or intrapulmonary shunt may result in the …

All studies concerning the detection of patent foramen ovale (PFO) have compared
transthoracic or transesophageal echocardiography (c-TEE) to transcranial Doppler …

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is increasingly recognized in association with cryptogenic
stroke. Using transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and transcranial Doppler …

Background and Purpose The capability of transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) to detect
a patent foramen ovale (PFO) has been established. However, which provocative maneuver …

The prevalence of a patent foramen ovale was assessed by simultaneously performing
transesophageal contrast echocardiography and transcranial contrast Doppler sonography …

Objective: The diagnosis of a patent foramen ovale (PFO) as a cause of stroke is of
increasing interest especially in young (< 45 years) patients. Methods: We studied potential …

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical feasibility and accuracy of 64-section multidetector
computed tomography (CT) compared with transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) for …

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) and
transcranial Doppler (TCD) are the methods of choice to study patent foramen ovale (PFO) …

ABSTRACT Background and Purpose. Transcatheter closure of patent fora men ovale (PFO)
can benefit from a less invasive diagnostic method than transesophageal echocardiography …

Patent foramen ovale as a possible stroke risk factor can be diagnosed with transcranial
Doppler sonography (TCD) by detecting intravenous contrast medium crossing from the right …