Immunotherapy is revolutionizing the treatment of diseases in which dysregulated immune
responses have an important role. However, most of the immunotherapy strategies currently …

Over the past decade, compelling evidence has unveiled previously overlooked adaptive
characteristics of innate immune cells. Beyond their traditional role in providing short, non …

Immune memory is a defining feature of the acquired immune system, but activation of the
innate immune system can also result in enhanced responsiveness to subsequent triggers …

Highlights•Trained immunity reprograms innate immune responses in humans.•Trained
immunity plays a role in the pathophysiology of immune-mediated diseases.•Targeting …

Traditionally, the innate and adaptive immune systems are differentiated by their specificity
and memory capacity. In recent years, however, this paradigm has shifted: Cells of the …

Highlights•Cells from the innate immune system can undergo functional reprogramming.•
Trained immunity involves rewiring the intracellular immune signaling of innate immune …

The burgeoning field of innate immune training, also called trained immunity, has given
immunologists new insights into the role of innate responses in protection against infection …

Trained immunity is a de facto memory for innate immune responses, leading to long-term
functional reprogramming of innate immune cells. In physiological conditions, trained …

Immunological memory is classically attributed to adaptive immune responses, but recent
studies have shown that challenged innate immune cells can display long-term functional …

During the last few years, a growing body of evidence has shown that immunological
memory is not an exclusive trait of lymphocytes, as many inflammatory insults can alter the …