Signaling by insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) is essential for the development of the
central nervous system (CNS) and regulates neuronal survival and myelination in the adult …

Background Therapeutic modalities effective in patients with progressive forms of multiple
sclerosis (MS) are limited. In a murine model of progressive MS, the sustained disability …

Background Elevated production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)-6 or interferon (IFN)-α in the
central nervous system (CNS) is implicated in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the principal cause of autoimmune neuroinflammation in humans,
and its animal model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), is widely used to …

Introduction: It has been recognized for about 20 years that interleukin (IL)-1 signaling is
implicated in Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a disabling, chronic, inflammatory and …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the central nervous system
(CNS) leading to demyelination and axonal damage. It often affects young adults and can …

Inflammation is a series of processes designed for eventual clearance of pathogens and
repair of damaged tissue. In the context of autoimmune recognition, inflammatory processes …

IFN-γ, the hallmark cytokine of Th1 cells, plays an important role in experimental
autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Thus far, the …

Insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) effects on aging and neurodegeneration is still
controversial. However, it is widely admitted that IGF-1 is involved in the neuroinflammatory …

Compelling evidence has shown that interferon (IFN)-γ has dual effects in multiple sclerosis
and in its animal model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), with results …