Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are bacterial multiprotein organelles specialised in the
transfer of (nucleo) protein complexes across cell membranes. They are essential for …

Bacteria have evolved several secretion machineries to bring about transport of various
virulence factors, nutrients, nucleic acids and cell-surface appendages that are essential for …

In gram-negative bacteria, secretion of macromolecules across the two membranes takes
place using diverse macromolecular transport assemblies, from simple one-component …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) mediate both protein and ssDNA secretion from a wide
range of bacteria into virtually any cell type or into the milieu. It is this versatility that confers …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SS) translocate DNA and protein substrates across prokaryotic
cell envelopes generally by a mechanism requiring direct contact with a target cell. Three …

Bacteria use type IV secretion systems (T4SS) to translocate macromolecular substrates
destined for bacterial, plant or human target cells. The T4SS are medically important …

The bacterial type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) translocate DNA and protein substrates to
bacterial or eukaryotic target cells generally by a mechanism dependent on direct cell-to-cell …

Type IV secretory systems are transmembrane bacterial multiprotein complexes. They are
pivotal for conjugation, bacterial-induced plant tumour formation, toxin secretion and …

Several bacterial pathogens utilize conjugation machines to export effector molecules
during infection. Such systems are members of the type IV or 'adapted conjugation'secretion …

Type IV secretion systems (T4SSs) are multisubunit cell‐envelope‐spanning structures,
ancestrally related to bacterial conjugation machines, which transfer proteins and …