Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent and disabling disorder. Despite the
many hypotheses proposed to understand the molecular pathophysiology of depression, it is …

For decades, symptoms of depression have been treated primarily with medications that
directly target the monoaminergic brain systems, which typically take weeks to exert …

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of suicide in the world. Monoamine-
based antidepressant drugs are a primary line of treatment for this mental disorder, although …

Ketamine is the prototype for a new generation of glutamate-based antidepressants that
rapidly alleviate depression within hours of treatment. Over the past decade, there has been …

Ketamine is the first exemplar of a rapid-acting antidepressant with efficacy for treatment-
resistant symptoms of mood disorders. Its discovery emerged from a reconceptualization of …

Ketamine has emerged as a transformative and mechanistically novel pharmacotherapy for
depression. Its rapid onset of action, efficacy for treatment-resistant symptoms, and …

Several recent studies have shown that a single intravenous subanesthetic dose of
ketamine, a NMDA receptor antagonist, exerts rapid antidepressant effects in patients with …

Depression is a well-known serious mental illness, and the onset of treatment using
traditional antidepressants is frequently delayed by several weeks. Moreover, numerous …

Concurrent with recent insights into the neuroprogressive nature of depression, ketamine
shows promise in interfering with several neuroprogressive factors, and has been suggested …

What is known and objective Abundant clinical data now confirm that ketamine produces a
remarkable rapid‐onset antidepressant effect–hours or days–in contrast to the delayed …