Since the 1960s there has been an escalation in the purposeful utilization of altitude to
enhance endurance athletic performance. This has been mirrored by a parallel …

Altitude training continues to be a key adjunctive aid for the training of competitive athletes
throughout the world. Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated from many groups of …

Recently, endurance athletes have used several novel approaches and modalities for
altitude training including:(i) normobaric hypoxia via nitrogen dilution (hypoxic apartment);(ii) …

Endurance athletic performance is highly related to a number of factors that can be altered
through altitude and hypoxic training including increases in erythrocyte volume, maximal …

With minimal costs and travel constraints for athletes, the “living low-training high”(LLTH)
approach is becoming an important intervention for modern sport. The popularity of the …

Many sport competitions, typically involving the completion of single-(eg track-and-field or
track cycling events) and multiple-sprint exercises (eg team and racquet sports, cycling …

The benefits of living and training at altitude (HiHi) for an improved altitude performance of
athletes are clear, but controlled studies for an improved sea-level performance are …

Background: One of the goals of altitude training is to increase blood oxygen-carrying
capacity in order to improve sea-level endurance performance in athletes. The elevated …

Background While adaptation to hypoxia at natural or simulated altitude has long been used
with endurance athletes, it has only recently gained popularity for team-sport athletes …

High altitude training is regarded as an integral component of modern athletic preparation,
especially for endurance sports such as middle and long distance running. It has rapidly …