Inflammatory processes and proinflammatory cytokines have a key role in the cellular
processes of neurodegenerative diseases and are linked to the pathogenesis of functional …

Neurodegenerative diseases are a set of diseases in which slow and progressive neuronal
loss occurs. Nitric oxide (NO) as a neurotransmitter performs key roles in the stimulation and …

Neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) are heterogeneous groups of ailments typically
characterized by progressive damage of the nervous system. Several drugs are used to treat …

Neuroinflammation is indicated in the pathogenesis of several acute and chronic
neurological disorders. Acute lesions in the brain parenchyma induce intense and highly …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia and affects 44 million
people worldwide. New emerging evidence from pre-clinical and clinical investigations …

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is a well-known pro-inflammatory cytokine responsible
for the modulation of the immune system. TNF-α plays a critical role in almost every type of …

A wide array of cell signaling mediators and their interactions play vital roles in
neuroinflammation associated with ischemia, brain trauma, developmental disorders and …

A high incidence of dementia (60–80%) and a high rate of memory loss are two of the most
common symptoms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which affects the elderly. Researchers have …

Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that affects a large proportion of older
adult people and is characterized by memory loss, progressive cognitive impairment, and …

Neuroinflammation is one of the main mechanisms involved in the progression of several
neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson, Alzheimer, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic …