The formation of microbial biofilms enables single planktonic cells to assume a multicellular
mode of growth. During dispersion, the final step of the biofilm life cycle, single cells egress …

In most environments, bacteria reside primarily in biofilms, which are social consortia of cells
that are embedded in an extracellular matrix and undergo developmental programmes …

In most environments, microorganisms evolve in a sessile mode of growth, designated as
biofilm, which is characterized by cells embedded in a self‐produced extracellular matrix …

Highlights•At least three types of “escapes” or ways for bacteria to leave the biofilm are
known.•Types of escapes are referred to as desorption, detachment, and …

In recent decades, many researchers have written numerous articles about microbial
biofilms. Biofilm is a complex community of microorganisms and an example of bacterial …

Biofilms are extremely difficult to eradicate due to their decreased antibiotic susceptibility.
Inducing biofilm dispersion could be a potential strategy to help combat biofilm-related …

A biofilm is an interface-associated colloidal dispersion of bacterial cells and excreted
polymers in which microorganisms find protection from their environment. Successful …

Bacteria assume distinct lifestyles during the planktonic and biofilm modes of growth.
Increased levels of the intracellular messenger c-di-GMP determine the transition from …

In traditional models of in vitro biofilm development, individual bacterial cells seed a surface,
multiply, and mature into multicellular, three-dimensional structures. Much research has …

Microbial communities that form surface-attached biofilms must release and disperse their
constituent cells into the environment to colonize fresh sites for continued survival of their …