Tobacco smoking is an extremely addictive and harmful form of nicotine (NIC) consumption,
but unfortunately also the most prevalent. Although disproportionately high frequencies of …

Even though smoking rates have long been on the decline, nicotine addiction still affects
20% of the US population today. Moreover, nicotine dependence shows high comorbidity …

Although nicotine is acknowledged as the major pharmacologically active chemical in
tobacco that accounts for its continued use, there is a need for much further research. It is …

Cigarette smoking rates in the American population are approximately 23%, whereas rates
of smoking in clinical and population studies of individuals with neuropsychiatric disorders …

Over the last 20 years much progress has been made in understanding the pharmacologic
basis of tobacco addiction. In particular, the role of nicotine in reinforcing smoking behavior …

Nicotine, the primary psychoactive component of tobacco smoke, produces diverse
neurophysiological, motivational and behavioural effects through several brain regions and …

Nicotine sustains addictive tobacco use, which in turn causes much premature disability and
death. The essence of drug addiction is loss of control of drug use. Molecular biology studies …

Tobacco use is a major health problem, and nicotine is the main addictive component.
Nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) to produce its initial effects. The …

Both retrospective and prospective clinical studies have demonstrated positive associations
of smoking with psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression and anxiety …

Although the addictive influence of tobacco was recognized very early, the modern concepts
of nicotine addiction have relied on knowledge of cholinergic neurotransmission and …