Activation of primary afferent nociceptors produces acute, short-lived pain, and tissue or
nerve injury induces long-term enhancement of nociceptive processing, manifested as …

TrkA is a tyrosine kinase receptor required for development and survival of the peripheral
nervous system. In the adult, TrkA and its ligand NGF are peripheral pain mediators …

Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is a central nervous system modulator of
nociception. In animal models of chronic pain, BDNF exerts its effects on nociceptive …

TRPV1 is a nociceptive ion channel activated by polymodal stimuli such as capsaicin,
proton, and noxious heat. Multiple inflammatory mediators activate protein kinases …

Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently causes severe, persistent central neuropathic pain that
responds poorly to conventional pain treatments. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) …

The neuropeptide substance P (SP) is expressed in unmyelinated primary sensory neurons
and represents the best known “pain” neurotransmitter. It is generally believed that SP …

Background Transient receptor potential vanilloid‐1 (TRPV1), activated by heat, acidic pH,
endogenous vanilloids and capsaicin, is essential for thermal hyperalgesia. Under …

The primary complaint of burn victims is an intense, often devastating spontaneous pain,
with persistence of mechanical and thermal allodynia. The transient receptor potential …

Partial nerve injury induced by tying a tight ligature around the sciatic nerve induced a
marked hyperalgesia, and this persistent painful state lasted for 14 days in mice. Under …

Injury or inflammation release a range of inflammatory mediators that increase the sensitivity
of sensory neurons to noxious thermal or mechanical stimuli. The heat-and capsaicin-gated …