Osteoporosis or porous bone disorder is the result of an imbalance in an otherwise highly
balanced physiological process known as 'bone remodeling'. The immune system is …

Osteoporosis is a skeletal system disease characterized by low bone mass and altered bone
microarchitecture, with an increased risk of fractures. Classical theories hold that …

Discoveries in the last few years have emphasized the existence of an enormous breadth of
communication between bone and the immune system in maintaining skeletal homeostasis …

The role of immune system in various bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis,
and rheumatoid arthritis is now well established. This had led to the emergence of a modern …

Bone homeostasis is a dynamic equilibrium state of bone formation and absorption,
ensuring skeletal development and repair. Bone immunity encompasses all aspects of the …

Cellular associations in the bone microenvironment are involved in modulating the balance
between bone remodeling and resorption, which is necessary for maintaining a normal bone …

In the last two decades, numerous scientists have highlighted the interactions between bone
and immune cells as well as their overlapping regulatory mechanisms. For example …

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a systemic disease characterized by the loss of bone mass
and increased bone fracture risk largely resulting from significantly reduced levels of the …

Osteoporosis is the most prevalent metabolic bone disease that affects half the women in the
sixth and seventh decade of life. Osteoporosis is characterized by uncoupled bone …

Bone infection and inflammation leads to the infiltration of immune cells at the site of
infection, where they modulate the differentiation and function of osteoclasts and osteoblasts …