Drug dosing in critically ill patients is challenging due to the altered drug pharmacokinetics–
pharmacodynamics associated with systemic therapies. For many drug therapies, there is …

Background Clinical practice of aerosol delivery in conjunction with respiratory support
devices for critically ill adult patients remains a topic of controversy due to the complexity of …

Aerosol delivery via a mechanical ventilator remains unregulated with no standards for drug
delivery to intubated patients. Bench models predicting drug delivery have not been …

The delivery of aerosols to mechanically ventilated patients presents unique challenges and
differs from inhaled drug delivery in spontaneously breathing patients in several respects …

Inhaled therapy is commonly employed in mechanically ventilated patients with chronic
obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma. The efficacy of inhaled drugs is comparable to …

Pressurized metered-dose inhalers (pMDIs) and nebulizers are employed routinely for
aerosol delivery to ventilator-supported patients, but the ventilator circuit and artificial airway …

Purpose Unlike in the outpatient setting, delivery of aerosols to critically ill patients may be
considered complex, particularly in ventilated patients, and benefits remain to be proven …

During the past decade the unprecedented improvements in technology for delivery of
inhaled drugs were matched by an equally impressive growth in clinical applications …

Aerosolized medications are routinely used for the treatment of critically ill patients. This
paper reviews aerosol delivery devices with a focus on issues related to their performance in …

Among the devices employed for aerosol generation (metered-dose inhalers, nebulizers,
and dry powder inhalers) only metered-dose inhalers and nebulizers are routinely employed …