The question of how individuals in a population organize when living in groups arises for
systems as different as a swarm of microorganisms or a flock of seagulls. The different …

The physical basis for fish schooling is examined using three-dimensional numerical
simulations of a pair of swimming fish, with kinematics and geometry obtained from …

Schooling can provide fish with a number of behavioural and ecological advantages,
including increased food supply and reduced predator risk. Previous work suggests that fish …

Polarity, group velocity, and inter-individual spacing are characteristics of fish schools that
strongly affect individual school members. However, these characteristics are group-level …

Fish schools are fascinating examples of macro-scale systems with collective behaviours.
According to conventional wisdom, the establishment and maintenance of fish schools …

For animals, being a member of a group provides various advantages, such as reduced
vulnerability to predators, increased foraging opportunities and reduced energetic costs of …

The spontaneous emergence of pattern formation is ubiquitous in nature, often arising as a
collective phenomenon from interactions among a large number of individual constituents or …

Individual-based models of schooling in fish have demonstrated that, via processes of self-
organization, artificial fish may school in the absence of a leader or external stimuli, using …

In this work, we address the case of red nose tetra fish Hemigrammus bleheri swimming in
groups in a uniform flow, giving special attention to the basic interactions and cooperative …

Coordinated motion and collective decision-making in fish schools result from complex
interactions by which individuals integrate information about the behavior of their neighbors …