Background Smoking increases the risk of squamous-cell carcinoma of the cervix, but it is
not clear whether smoking increases the risk of acquisition or persistence of human …

Background: The influence of smoking on the natural history of HPV infection in men is not
well understood. Smoking could influence the incidence and persistence of HPV infections …

Background: Smoking has long been suspected to be a risk factor for cervical cancer.
However, not all previous studies have properly controlled for the effect of human …

Background Recent evidence implicates smoking as a risk factor for cervical cancer (CC),
but the confounding from high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections is not clear …

The strong correlation between smoking and exposure to oncogenic human
papillomaviruses (HPVs) has made it difficult to verify the independent role of smoking in …

Background: In case–control studies, smoking, parity, and oral contraceptive use have been
associated with an increased risk of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN3) and …

Background: Smoking has been associated with cervical cancer. We examined whether
smoking increases the risk for high-grade cervical lesions in women with high-risk human …

Infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is considered a “necessary cause” for
cervical cancer (CC); however, only some HPV-infected women develop CC. We report on …

Background. Smoking may increase the risk of cervical cancer, a disease that is related to
human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. However, the effects of smoking on the natural …

Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection seems central to cervical carcinogenesis.
Smoking is associated with cervical cancer in HPV DNA-positive women, but its association …