This article provides an updated review of the clinical issues related to human infection with
highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus. The clinical data available to date are …

Avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses are entrenched among poultry in parts of Asia and Africa
and continue to cause disease with high mortality in humans. This update summarizes …

A highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus has crossed the species barrier to cause
deaths in humans in Asia and poses an increasing threat of a pandemic. These infections …

Since their reemergence in 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses have
reached endemic levels among poultry in several southeast Asian countries and have …

From 1997 through 2007, human infections with highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1)
viruses resulted in rare, sporadic, severe and fatal cases among persons in 14 countries in …

Background H5N6 avian influenza virus (AIV) has caused sporadic, recurring outbreaks in
China and Southeast Asia since 2013, with 19 human infections and 13 deaths. Seventeen …

New human influenza A virus strains regularly emerge causing seasonal epidemics and
occasional pandemics. Lately, several zoonotic avian influenza A strains have been …

Executive summary The recent geographical spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza A
(H5N1) virus in poultry and wild waterfowl has increased opportunities for transmission of …

Highlights•Major reassortment and transmission features of H7N9 were summarized.•
Structural bases of interspecies transmission/drug resistance of H7N9 were proposed.•We …

Among emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases, influenza constitutes one of the
major threats to mankind. In this review series epidemiologic, virologic and pathologic …