Regulation of gene expression is critical in determining cell identity, development, and
responses to the cellular environment. DNA is the inherited source of genetic information …

A minimal RNA polymerase II (pol II) transcription system comprises the polymerase and five
general transcription factors (GTFs) TFIIB,-D,-E,-F, and-H. The addition of Mediator enables …

RNA polymerases I and II (Pol I and Pol II) are the eukaryotic enzymes that catalyze DNA-
dependent synthesis of ribosomal RNA and messenger RNA, respectively. Recent work …

By definition the CTD consists of the amino acid sequences extending from the largest
subunit, RPO21 or RPB1 in yeast and POLR2A in human. Specifically the CTD consists of …

Transcription initiation at the ribosomal RNA promoter requires RNA polymerase (Pol) I and
the initiation factors Rrn3 and core factor (CF). Here, we combine X-ray crystallography and …

We have analyzed transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II (pol II) in a highly efficient in
vitro transcription system composed of essentially homogeneous protein preparations. The …

Introduction RNA polymerase II (pol II) is capable of RNA synthesis but is unable to
recognize a promoter or to initiate transcription. For these essential functions, a set of …

RNA polymerase (Pol) III is responsible for the transcription of genes encoding small RNAs,
including tRNA, 5S rRNA and U6 RNA. Here, we report the electron cryomicroscopy …

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the structure and function of RNA polymerase II.
High-resolution structural studies of polymerase II (Pol II) by x-ray crystallography required …

New structural studies of RNA polymerase II (Pol II) complexes mark the beginning of a
detailed mechanistic analysis of the eukaryotic mRNA transcription cycle. Crystallographic …