Classical Hebbian learning puts the emphasis on joint pre-and postsynaptic activity, but
neglects the potential role of neuromodulators. Since neuromodulators convey information …

Most elementary behaviors such as moving the arm to grasp an object or walking into the
next room to explore a museum evolve on the time scale of seconds; in contrast, neuronal …

Recent experiments have shown that spike-timing-dependent plasticity is influenced by
neuromodulation. We derive theoretical conditions for successful learning of reward-related …

Highlights•The three-factor framework describes various learning rules in a unified
way.•Third factors can encode reward, attention, summary statistics, or supervised …

Figure 1: Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity (schematic): The STDP function shows the
change of synaptic connections as a function of the relative timing of pre-and postsynaptic …

A spike-timing-dependent Hebbian mechanism governs the plasticity of recurrent excitatory
synapses in the neocortex: synapses that are activated a few milliseconds before a …

Experimental evidence indicates that synaptic modification depends on the timing
relationship between the presynaptic inputs and the output spikes that they generate. In this …

We explore a synaptic plasticity model that incorporates recent findings that potentiation and
depression can be induced by precisely timed pairs of synaptic events and postsynaptic …

It has been suggested that excitatory and inhibitory inputs to cortical cells are balanced, and
that this balance is important for the highly irregular firing observed in the cortex. There are …

Homosynaptic Hebbian-type plasticity provides a cellular mechanism of learning and
refinement of connectivity during development in a variety of biological systems. In this …