Background Implanted spinal neuromodulation (SNMD) techniques are used in the
treatment of refractory chronic pain. They involve the implantation of electrodes around the …

Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a form of therapy used to treat certain types of
chronic pain. It involves an electrical generator that delivers pulses to a targeted spinal cord …

Background and purpose Our aim was to update previous European Federation of
Neurological Societies guidelines on neurostimulation for neuropathic pain, expanding the …

Background Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a surgical intervention used to treat persistent
low back pain. SCS is thought to modulate pain by sending electrical signals via implanted …

Objectives In the spinal cord stimulation (SCS) and dorsal root ganglion stimulation (DRG-S)
literature, the typical primary outcome measure includes pain relief, whether numeric rating …

Objective To conduct a systematic literature review of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for pain.
Design Grade the evidence for SCS. Methods An international, interdisciplinary work group …

Background This is an updated version of the original Cochrane Review published in 2010,
Issue 9, and last updated in 2014, Issue 4. Non‐invasive brain stimulation techniques aim to …

Background Chronic pain is a cause of physical and emotional suffering. Spinal cord
stimulation (SCS) modifies the perception of pain by stimulating the dorsal columns of the …

Background Low back pain (LBP) affects a large proportion of the population.
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) was introduced more than 30 years ago …

The aims of this review were to systematically identify the current evidence base of placebo
(or “sham”) randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of spinal cord stimulation (SCS) for …