Economic production and, more generally, most global societies, are overwhelmingly
dependant upon depleting supplies of fossil fuels. There is considerable concern amongst …

Energy Return on Investment (EROI) refers to how much energy is returned from one unit of
energy invested in an energy-producing activity. It is a critical parameter for understanding …

Numerous technologies have been proposed as partial solutions to our declining fossil
energy stocks. There is a significant need for consistent metrics to compare the desirability of …

All forms of economic production and exchange involve the use of energy directly and in the
transformation of materials. Until recently, cheap and seemingly limitless fossil energy has …

For many reasons, including environmental impacts and the peaking and depletion of the
highest grades of fossil energy, it is very important to have sound methods for the evaluation …

We use a price-based methodology to assess the global energy-return-on-investment
(EROI) of coal, oil, and gas, from the beginning of their reported production (respectively …

There have been five foremost empirical efforts regarding energy return on investment
(EROI) analysis over the past few years, including the topics of:(1) whether corn ethanol is a …

We estimate energy expenditure for the US and world economies from 1850 to 2012.
Periods of high energy expenditure relative to GDP (from 1850 to 1945), or spikes (1973–74 …

Declining production from conventional oil resources has initiated a global transition to
unconventional oil, such as tar sands. Unconventional oil is generally harder to extract than …

Energy return on investment (EROI) is a critical measure of the comparative utility of different
energy carriers, including fossil fuels and renewables. However, it must not be used to …