Pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and development of insulin resistance are
characterized by multi‐stimuli factors notably glucolipotoxicity, generation of reactive oxygen …

Insulin resistance is a fundamental defect that precedes the development of the full insulin
resistance syndrome as well as β cell failure and type 2 diabetes. Tumor necrosis factor-α …

Methods: 50 type-2 diabetic patients attending Narayana Medical Hospital, Nellore, were
studied. Body mass index and Waist hip ratio were calculated. Homeostasis model …

Background Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the major hallmark for pathogenesis and
etiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). IR is directly interlinked with various …

While the causes of obesity remain elusive, the relationship between obesity and insulin
resistance is a well-established fact [1]. Insulin resistance is defined as a smaller than …

Recent data have suggested a key role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the insulin
resistance of obesity and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). TNF-α …

Adipose tissue secretes proteins which may influence insulin sensitivity. Among them,
tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been proposed as a link between obesity and …

Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide, and it is associated with an increased
risk of developing type 2 diabetes. It is now commonly accepted that chronic inflammation …

Aims: Obesity is associated with a chronic systemic low-grade inflammatory state. Markers of
inflammation such as TNF-α are linked with increased risk for insulin resistance and type 2 …

Metabolic and immune systems are the most fundamental requirements for survival, and
many metabolic and immune response pathways or nutrient-and pathogen-sensing systems …