Monocyte/macrophage lineage cells are highly plastic and can differentiate into various cells
under different environmental stimuli. Bone-resorbing osteoclasts are derived from the …

Emerging evidence suggests that RANKL-induced changes in chromatin state are important
for osteoclastogenesis, but these epigenetic mechanisms are not well understood and have …

Bidirectional transcription has been proposed to play a role associated with enhancer
activity. Transcripts called enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) play important roles in gene regulation; …

Osteoclasts are large multinucleated bone-resorbing cells formed by the fusion of monocyte/
macrophage-derived precursors that are thought to undergo apoptosis once resorption is …

Recently a close relationship between the immune and skeletal systems or the
interdisciplinary field called osteoimmunology has attracted much attention due to the …

The bony skeleton is continuously renewed throughout adult life by the bone remodeling
process, in which old or damaged bone is removed by osteoclasts via largely unknown …

Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) c1 plays a key role in receptor activator of nuclear
factor κB ligand (RANKL)-induced osteoclast differentiation and function via induction of …

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is triggered by various metabolic factors, such as
cholesterol and proinflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have revealed that ER stress is …

The bone is an essential organ for locomotion and protection of the body, as well as
hematopoiesis and mineral homeostasis. In order to exert these functions throughout life …

SHIP is an SH2-containing inositol-5-phosphatase expressed in hematopoietic cells. It
hydrolyzes the PI3K product PI (3, 4, 5) P 3 and blunts the PI3K-initiated signaling pathway …