Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the most crucial growth factors and an
assistant for the adjustment of bone regeneration. In this study, a 3D scaffold is fabricated …

Natural bone is a highly vascularized tissue that relies on the vasculature for blood and
nutrients supply to maintain skeletal integrity. Inadequacy of neovascularization may …

Vascularization is the main obstacle for the bone tissue engineering strategies since the
defect size is generally large. Incorporation of angiogenic factors is one of the strategies …

The functionalization of degradable polymeric scaffolds with therapeutic molecules such as
vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a key strategy to gain better regenerative ability …

Bioprinting enables the integration of biological components into scaffolds during fabrication
that has the advantage of high loading efficiency and better control of release and/or spatial …

The treatment of bone defects in an ischemic environment is a huge challenge. Improving
angiogenesis, which is regulated by angiogenic growth factors such as vascular endothelial …

In bone tissue engineering, the endogenous regeneration of bone defects still represents a
clinical challenge despite the development of intervention therapy to achieve bone …

Bone tissue is dependent on an efficient blood supply to ensure delivery of nutrients and
oxygen. One method to acquire a vascular-engineered bone tissue could be the use of an …

Synthetic polymeric scaffolds are commonly used in bone tissue engineering (BTE) due to
their biocompatibility and adequate mechanical properties. However, their hydrophobicity …

Bone tissue engineering uses various methods and materials to find suitable scaffolds that
regenerate lost bone due to disease or injury. Poly (ε-caprolactone)(PCL) can be used in 3D …