So far, only two retroviruses, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)(type 1 and 2) and human
T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), have been recognized as pathogenic for humans …

The deltaretroviruses human T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and human T cell
lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2) have long been believed to differ from retroviruses in …

Background Human T cell leukaemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with
human diseases such as adult T-cell leukaemia/lymphoma and HTLV-1 associated …

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and human T-lymphotropic virus type 1
(HTLV-1) are complex retroviruses mainly infecting CD4+ T lymphocytes. In addition …

Going back to their discovery in the early 1980s, both the Human T-cell Leukemia virus type-
1 (HTLV-1) and the Human Immunodeficiency Virus type-1 (HIV-1) greatly fascinated the …

In the last 10 years HIV-1/human T-cell leukemia virus (HIV-1/HTLV) coinfection has
emerged as a worldwide health problem. The numbers of HIV-1/HTLV-1 coinfections in …

Human T cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1), also known as human T lymphotropic virus
type 1, was the first exogenous human retrovirus discovered. Unlike the distantly related …

The human retrovirus human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is associated with two
distinct types of disease: the malignancy known as adult T-cell leukemia and a range of …

HIV-1 is the most prevalent retrovirus, with over 30 million people infected worldwide.
Nevertheless, infection caused by other human retroviruses like HIV-2, HTLV-1, HTLV-2 …

Several reports suggest that HTLV-I/HIV coinfection may be associated with an increased
risk of HTLV-I-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). In HTLV-I …