Site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids (Uaas) in living cells relies on
engineered aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetase–tRNA pairs borrowed from a distant domain …

Jiantao Guo, Charles E. Melançon, III, Hyun Soo Lee, Dan Groff, and Peter G. Schultz*
tRNAs have evolved to act as highly efficient amino acid carriers and activators during each …

In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of expanding the genetic code of Escherichia coli
using its own tryptophanyl–tRNA synthetase and tRNA (TrpRS–tRNATrp) pair. This was …

We developed a general approach that allows unnatural amino acids with diverse
physicochemical and biological properties to be genetically encoded in mammalian cells. A …

A shuttle system has been developed to genetically encode unnatural amino acids in
mammalian cells using aminoacyl‐tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) evolved in E. coli. A pyrrolysyl …

Heterologous tRNAs used for noncanonical amino acid (ncAA) mutagenesis in mammalian
cells typically show poor activity. We recently introduced a virus‐assisted directed evolution …

There have been considerable advancements in the incorporation of noncanonical amino
acids (ncAA) into proteins over the last two decades. The most widely used method for site …

The site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids (UAAs) into proteins in living cells
relies on an engineered tRNA/aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase (tRNA/aaRS) pair, orthogonal to …

The bacteria-derived tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (TyrRS)/tRNA pair was first used for unnatural
amino acid (Uaa) mutagenesis in eukaryotic cells over 15 years ago. It provides an ideal …

A variety of strategies to incorporate unnatural amino acids into proteins have been
pursued,,,,, but all have limitations with respect to technical accessibility, scalability …