Background Biofilm is a community of bacteria embedded in an extracellular matrix, which
can colonize different human cells and tissues and subvert the host immune reactions by …

Biofilms are bacterial communities contained within an extracellular matrix, which can
colonize both native tissues and artificial surfaces. In particular, indwelling medical devices …

The interplay of biofilm with host leads to a range of physiological reactions of the interacting
members aimed at an adaptation to the novel position. These reactions include metabolic …

In response to different microenvironmental stimuli, macrophages are polarized into two
populations, M1 macrophages which are classically activated by interferon (IFN)-γ with …

Although the natural mode of bacterial growth in nature is as biofilm, almost all antimicrobial
and immunological tests are routinely developed using planktonic inoculums. Bacterial …

The main driver behind biofilm research is the desire to understand the mechanisms
governing the antibiotic tolerance of biofilm-growing bacteria found in chronic bacterial …

A biofilm is a collection of microorganisms organized in a matrix of extracellular polymeric
material. Biofilms consist of microbial cells that attach to both surfaces and each other …

Bacteria exist mainly as planktonic organisms floating in suspensions or as adherent forms
called biofilms. Biofilm formation is a dynamic process leading to the production of a matrix …

Biofilm formation by pathogens and opportunistic bacteria is the basis of persistent or
recurrent infections. Up to 80% of bacterial infections in humans are associated with …

From birth to death the human host immune system interacts with bacterial cells. Biofilms are
communities of microbes embedded in matrices composed of extracellular polymeric …