Intracellular bacteria have developed numerous strategies to hijack host vesicular trafficking
pathways to form their unique replicative niches. To promote intracellular replication, the …

Several bacterial species have evolved specialized secretion systems to deliver bacterial
effector proteins into eukaryotic cells. These effectors have the capacity to modulate host cell …

Bacterial pathogens are dependent on virulence factors to efficiently colonize and propagate
within their hosts. Many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens rely on specialized …

Pathogenic bacteria manipulate their hosts by delivering a number of virulence proteins-
called effectors-directly into the plant or animal cells. Recent findings have shown that such …

In this review we examine the use of secretion systems by bacteria to subvert host functions.
Bacteria have evolved multiple systems to interact with and overcome their eukaryotic host …

Many bacteria export effector proteins fulfilling their function in membranes of a eukaryotic
host. These effector membrane proteins appear to contain signals for two incompatible …

Central to the biology of many pathogenic bacteria are a number of specialized machines,
known as type III, type IV, or type VI protein secretion systems. These machines have …

Bacterial pathogens encode a wide variety of effectors and toxins that hijack host cell
structure and function. Of particular importance are virulence factors that target actin …

Pathogenic bacteria have evolved several clever survival strategies for manipulating host
cell signaling pathways to establish beneficial replicative niches within the host. Recent …

Virulence-associated bacterial type III secretion systems are multiprotein molecular
machines that promote the pathogenicity of bacteria towards eukaryotic host cells. These …