Background MyD88 is the adaptor protein of MyD88-dependent signaling pathway of TLRs
and IL-1 receptor and regulates innate immune response. However, it was not clear whether …

Increasing evidence suggests that neuro-immune and neuro-glial interactions are critically
involved in chronic pain sensitization. It is well studied how immune/glial mediators sensitize …

Abstract Background Spinal Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and signaling intermediaries have
been implicated in persistent pain states. We examined the roles of two major TLR signaling …

Neural-immune interaction in health and disease is a hot topic in current biomedical
research [1, 2]. While the central nervous system (CNS) regulates systemic immune …

Abstract Background microRNA-146a-5p (miRNA-146a-5p) is a key molecule in the
negative regulation pathway of TLRs and IL-1 receptor (TIR) signaling. Our recent study …

Background: We have previously reported that nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is
attenuated in toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) knock-out mice. In these mice, inflammatory gene …

Background Neuropathic pain is related to the sustained activation of neuroglial cells and
the production of proinflammatory cytokines in the spinal dorsal horn. However, the clinical …

Introduction Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition. The importance of neuroimmune
interactions in neuropathic pain has been evidenced by the involvement of different immune …

Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the induction and maintenance of chronic
pain. Orchestra of pattern-recognition receptor-induced pro-inflammatory and anti …

In the present study, we investigated the role of the macrophage inflammatory protein-1α
(MIP-1α) in the pathogenesis of neuropathic pain following partial sciatic nerve ligation …