Estrogen receptors are broadly expressed in many cell types involved in the innate and
adaptive immune responses, and differentially regulate the production of cytokines. While …

Lung cancer mortality represents the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United
States and worldwide. Almost half of these deaths occur in female patients, making lung …

During different stages of tumor development the immune system can either identify and
destroy tumors, or promote their growth. Therapies targeting the immune system have …

Breast cancer is characterized by cellular and molecular heterogeneity. Several molecular
events are involved in controlling malignant cell processes. In this sense, there is an …

The role of estrogens in antitumor immunity remains poorly understood. Here, we show that
estrogen signaling accelerates the progression of different estrogen-insensitive tumor …

Estrogen is involved in numerous physiological and pathophysiological systems. Its role in
driving estrogen receptor-expressing breast cancers is well established, but it also has …

Approximately 75% of breast tumors express the estrogen receptor (ER), and women with
these tumors will receive endocrine therapy. Unfortunately, up to 50% of these patients will …

The immune system functions in a sexually dimorphic manner, with females exhibiting more
robust immune responses than males. However, how female sex hormones affect immune …

Background Hormonal therapy is a mainstay in the clinical management of patients with
breast tumors that express estrogen receptor (ER). The antitumor efficacy of these endocrine …

Endocrine therapies with SERMs (selective estrogen receptor modulators) or SERDs
(selective estrogen receptor downregulators) are standard therapies for patients with …