This review summarizes the level of epidemiologic evidence for relationships between
prenatal and/or early life exposure to environmental chemical contaminants and fetal, child …

The human fetus, child, and adult may experience adverse health outcomes from parental or
childhood exposures to environmental toxicants. The fetus and infant are especially …

Preterm birth is a significant public health concern, as it is associated with high risk of infant
mortality, various morbidities in both the neonatal period and later in life, and a significant …

Every pregnant woman in the United States is exposed to many and varied environmental
chemicals. Rapidly accumulating scientific evidence documents that widespread exposure …

To better understand the science linking environmental contaminants exposures with
adverse pregnancy outcomes, we reviewed the relevant epidemiologic literature. We …

Exposure to toxic environmental chemicals during pregnancy and breastfeeding is
ubiquitous and is a threat to healthy human reproduction. There are tens of thousands of …

Delayed fetal growth and adverse birth outcomes are some of the greatest public health
threats to this generation of children worldwide because these conditions are major …

Throughout the 1980s and 1990s the crude human birth rate (live births per 1000
population) declined, indicating reduced fertility and suggesting a potential decline in …

Environmental risk factors (defined as those agents and stresses that are generally the
responsibility of environmental agencies) are often tangible indicators of economic and …

Whereas single genes and individual chemical exposures are responsible for some
instances of adverse pregnancy outcome or developmental disease, gene–environment …