One area of microglial biology that has been relatively neglected until recently is sexual
dimorphism and this is in spite of the fact that sex is a risk factor in several diseases that are …

Biological sex contributes to phenotypic sex effects through genetic (sex chromosomal) and
hormonal (gonadal) mechanisms. There are profound sex differences in the prevalence and …

Sex differences have been clinically documented in numerous neurodegenerative diseases
and yet the reasons for these differences are not well understood. Recent studies have …

Microglia are the resident immune cells in the brain and maintain homeostasis and
functionality of this tissue. These cells are key producers of immune mediators, such as …

Sex has a role in the incidence and outcome of neurological illnesses, also influencing the
response to treatments. Neuroinflammation is involved in the onset and progression of …

There are inherent structural and functional differences in the central nervous systems
(CNS) of females and males. It has been gradually established that these sex-specific …

Several neurological conditions are associated with sex differences in prevalence or
outcome. For example, autism predominantly affects boys, depression is more common in …

Neurodegenerative diseases and their associated cognitive decline are known to be more
prevalent during aging. Recent evidence has uncovered the role of microglia, the …

Microglia, the central nervous system innate immune cells, play a critical role in maintaining
a homeostatic environment in the brain throughout life. These cells exhibit an impressive …

The critical role of microglia in driving the pathology in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been
recognized for the past decade or so but the changes that occur which underpin this role …