In plants, carotenoids are essential for photosynthesis and photoprotection. However,
carotenoids are not the end products of the pathway; apocarotenoids are produced by …

Carotenoids are an important source of metabolites with regulatory function, which include
the plant hormones abscisic acid (ABA) and strigolactones (SLs), and several recently …

Carotenoids are isoprenoid compounds synthesized by all photosynthetic and some non‐
photosynthetic organisms. They are essential for photosynthesis and contribute to many …

Carotenoids are isoprenoid pigments synthesized by all photosynthetic organisms and
many heterotrophic microorganisms. They are equipped with a conjugated double-bond …

In plants, carotenoids are subjected to enzyme-catalyzed oxidative cleavage reactions as
well as to non-enzymatic degradation processes, which produce various carbonyl products …

Carotenoids not only play a crucial role in their intact form but also are an important reservoir
of lipid-derived bioactive mediators. The process is initiated by tailoring enzymes that cleave …

Apocarotenoids are tailored from carotenoids by oxidative enzymes [carotenoid cleavage
oxygenases (CCOs)], cleaving specific double bonds of the polyene chain. The cleavage …

Attaining defined steady-state carotenoid levels requires balancing of the rates governing
their synthesis and metabolism. Phytoene formation mediated by phytoene synthase (PSY) …

Communication from plastids to the nucleus via retrograde signal cascades is essential to
modulate nuclear gene expression, impacting plant development and environmental …

Carotenoids are precursors of carotenoid derived molecules termed apocarotenoids, which
include isoprenoids with important functions in plant-environment interactions such as the …