The increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders, especially autism spectrum
disorders (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), calls for more research …

A significant body of evidence supports the multifactorial etiology of neurodevelopmental
disorders (NDDs) affecting children. The present review focuses on early exposure to …

The incidence of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative diseases worldwide has
dramatically increased over the last decades. Although the aetiology remains uncertain …

There is now compelling evidence that gene by environment interactions are important in
the etiology of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). However, the mechanisms by which …

Background: Children are susceptible to environmental contaminants and are at risk of
developing diseases, more so if the exposure begins at an early age. Epidemiological …

Autism spectrum disorders have a complex etiology, suggesting that multiple genetic and
environmental factors play a role in their etiology. The apparent rise in the prevalence of …

Objective Health or disease is shaped for all individuals by interactions between their genes
and environment. Exactly how the environment changes gene expression and how this can …

Prenatal adverse environments, such as maternal stress, toxicological exposures, and viral
infections, can disrupt normal brain development and contribute to neurodevelopmental …

Abstract Development of the mammalian central nervous system is a complex process
whose disruption may have severe and long-lasting consequences upon brain structure and …

The past decades witnessed a surge of interest in neuroimaging study of normal and
abnormal early brain development. Structural and functional studies of normal early brain …