Breast cancer treatment has experienced several changes in the past decades due to the
discovery of specific prognostic and predictive biomarkers that enable the application of …

The era of personalized medicine is likely to see an escalation in the use of biomarkers to
ensure breast cancer patients receive optimal treatment. A combination of prognostic and …

The use of biomarkers ensures breast cancer patients receive optimal treatment.
Established biomarkers such as estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) …

Breast cancer is characterized with enormous heterogeneity, which represents the major
hurdle for accurate diagnosis and curative therapy. It is generally believed that genome …

Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in the world. It is a heterogeneous disease
and the leading cause of cancer mortality in women. Advances in molecular technologies …

The higher incidence of breast cancer in developed countries has been tempered by
reductions in mortality, largely attributable to mammographic screening programmes and …

Biomarkers play an essential role in the management of patients with invasive breast
cancer. For selecting patients likely to respond to endocrine therapy, both oestrogen …

Approximately 70% of patients have breast cancers that are oestrogen receptor alpha
positive (ER+) and are therefore candidates for endocrine treatment. Many of these patients …

Current treatment of breast cancer incorporates clinical, pathological and molecular data.
Oestrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor …

Breast cancer is the most common cancer amongst women in the United States and around
the world. Although widespread use of adjuvant chemotherapeutic and hormonal agents …