In 2004, the first American Heart Association scientific statement on “Air Pollution and
Cardiovascular Disease” concluded that exposure to particulate matter (PM) air pollution …

Particulate matter (PM) air pollution is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality. The focus of this review will be on the role that both acute and …

Air pollution is a heterogeneous, complex mixture of gases, liquids, and particulate matter.
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated a consistent increased risk for cardiovascular …

Air pollution is now becoming an independent risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and
mortality. Numerous epidemiological, biomedical and clinical studies indicate that ambient …

Consistent evidences from both epidemiological and experimental studies have
demonstrated that short-and long-term exposure to particulate matter (PM), in particular to …

Background Ambient air pollution is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet
uncertainty remains about the size of risks at lower levels of fine particulate matter (PM2. 5) …

Objective Air pollution is now recognized as an important independent risk factor for
cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and may be responsible for up to 3 million premature …

An association between high levels of air pollutants and human disease has been known for
more than half a century. Air pollution is composed of a heterogeneous mixture of …

It is well known that exposure to particulate air pollutants is associated with the development
of adverse health effects. In particular, there is growing evidence of a close relationship …

Clinical and epidemiological studies demonstrate that short-and long-term exposure to air
pollution increases mortality due to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. Given the …