Glycerophospholipids are synthesized primarily in the cytosolic leaflet of the endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) membrane and must be equilibrated between bilayer leaflets to allow the ER …

Scramblases play a pivotal role in facilitating bidirectional lipid transport across cell
membranes, thereby influencing lipid metabolism, membrane homeostasis, and cellular …

Membrane lipids diffuse rapidly in the plane of the membrane but their ability to flip
spontaneously across a membrane bilayer is hampered by a significant energy barrier. Thus …

How amphipathic phospholipids are shuttled between the membrane bilayer remains an
essential but elusive process, particularly at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). One prominent …

Phospholipid flippases are key regulators of transbilayer lipid asymmetry in eukaryotic cell
membranes, critical to many trafficking and signaling pathways. P4-ATPases, in particular …

Insertion of proteins into membranes is an essential cellular process. The extensive
biophysical and topological diversity of membrane proteins necessitates multiple insertion …

A defining step in the biogenesis of a membrane protein is the insertion of its hydrophobic
transmembrane helices into the lipid bilayer. The nine-subunit endoplasmic reticulum (ER) …

Phospholipid scramblases externalize phosphatidylserine to facilitate numerous
physiological processes. Several members of the structurally unrelated TMEM16 and G …

Protein translocases, such as the bacterial SecY complex, the Sec61 complex of the
endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the mitochondrial translocases, facilitate the transport of …

The molecular function of Atg9, the sole transmembrane protein in the autophagosome-
forming machinery, remains unknown. Atg9 colocalizes with Atg2 at the expanding edge of …