Object The accurate intraoperative localization of the correct thoracic spine level remains a
challenging problem in both open and minimally invasive spine surgery. The authors …

Study Design: A technical report. Objective: The aim of the present study was to present an
improvement on localization techniques employed for use in the thoracic spine using sterile …

Study Design. A retrospective review. Objective. The aim of this study was to demonstrate
proof-of-concept of preoperative percutaneous intraosseous fiducial marker placement …

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Wrong-level spinal surgery, especially in the thoracic
spine, remains a challenge for a variety of reasons related to visualization, such as …

Study Design. Retrospective review. Objective. To describe an accurate method of
intraoperative localization of thoracic spine levels with percutaneously placed radiopaque …

Object Placement of thoracolumbar pedicle screws in spinal deformity surgery has a
reported inaccuracy rate as high as 30%. At present, image-guided navigation systems …

Study Design. A surgical simulation study in human cadaver spine specimens was
conducted to evaluate the accuracy of thoracic vertebral body screw placement using four …

✓ The authors sought to evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of three-dimensional (3D)
fluoroscopic guidance for percutaneous placement of thoracic and lumbar pedicle screws in …

Object Traditionally, instrumentation of thoracic pedicles has been more difficult because of
their relatively smaller size. Thoracic pedicles are at risk for violation during surgical …

Background: Image guidance provides additional anatomic information to the surgeon,
which may allowmore accurate insertion of spinal implants. Imprecise placement of anterior …