Background High consumption of red and processed meat is commonly associated with
increased cancer risk, particularly colorectal cancer. Antibodies against the red meat …

Background N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) is a non-human red-meat-derived sialic
acid immunogenic to humans. Neu5Gc can be metabolically incorporated into glycan chains …

Cells are covered with a cloak of carbohydrate chains (glycans) that is commonly altered in
cancer and that includes variations in sialic acid (Sia) expression. These are acidic sugars …

A well known, epidemiologically reproducible risk factor for human carcinomas is the long-
term consumption of “red meat” of mammalian origin. Although multiple theories have …

Human heterophile antibodies that agglutinate animal erythrocytes are known to detect the
nonhuman sialic acid N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc). This monosaccharide cannot by …

Sialic acids are common monosaccharides that are widely expressed as outer terminal units
on all vertebrate cell surfaces, and play fundamental roles in cell–cell and cell …

Glycans at the forefront of cells facilitate immune recognition processes. Cancer cells
commonly present altered cell surface glycosylation, especially manifested in the expression …

Human carcinomas can metabolically incorporate and present the dietary non-human sialic
acid Neu5Gc, which differs from the human sialic acid N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) by …

Humans have circulating antibodies against diverse glycans containing N-
glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) due to function-loss mutation of the CMAH gene. This …

Recognition of carbohydrates by antibodies can be affected by antigen composition and
density. This had been investigated in a variety of controllable multivalent systems using …