The phrase reactive oxygen species covers a number of molecules and atoms, including the
quintessential member of the group, O2−; singlet oxygen; H2O2; organic peroxides; and …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in regulating nephron transport both via
transcellular and paracellular pathways under physiological and pathological …

Nitric oxide (NO) plays an important role in various physiological processes in the kidney. In
vivo experiments first suggested that the natriuretic and diuretic effects caused by NO may …

The thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle (THAL) plays an important role in the
regulation of NaCl and water reabsorption. In vivo studies have shown that the free radical …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are oxygen-containing molecules naturally occurring in
both inorganic and biological chemical systems. Due to their high reactivity and potentially …

Superoxide (O2−) enhances Na reabsorption by the thick ascending limb (THAL). Na
absorption in this segment involves the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter, K channel, and Na-K …

Nitric oxide (NO) is an important regulator of NaCl absorption by the thick ascending limb of
the loop of Henle (THAL). The free radical superoxide (O2−) reacts with NO, decreasing its …

Urinary flow is not constant but in fact highly variable, altering the mechanical forces (shear
stress, stretch, and pressure) exerted on the epithelial cells of the nephron as well as solute …

NaCl absorption along the nephron is regulated not just by humoral factors but also by
factors that do not circulate or act on the cells where they are produced. Generally, nitric …

Superoxide (O2−) regulates renal function and is implicated in hypertension. O2− production
increases in response to increased ion delivery in thick ascending limbs (TALs) and macula …