Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an evolving field of reconstructive
surgery that has revolutionized the treatment of patients with devastating injuries, including …

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an effective treatment option for
patients suffering from limb loss or severe disfigurement. However, postoperative courses of …

Background Hand and face vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an evolving
and challenging field with great opportunities. During VCA, massive surgical damage is …

Vascularized composite allotransplants (VCAs) have unique properties because of diverse
tissue components transplanted en mass as a single unit. In addition to surgery, this type of …

Over the past twenty years, significant technical strides have been made in the area of
vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation (VCA). As in solid organ transplantation …

Graft rejection remains the major obstacle after vascularized solid organ transplantation.
Endothelial cells, which form the interface between the transplanted graft and the host's …

Vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation is a viable treatment option for injuries
and defects that involve multiple layers of functional tissue. In the past 15 yr, more than 150 …

Refinements in microsurgical techniques coupled with advances in immunosuppressive and
immunomodulatory protocols have enabled broader clinical application of vascularized …

Background Acute rejection remains a vexing problem in vascularized composite
allotransplantation (VCA). Available immunosuppressive regimens are successful at …

Advances in microsurgical techniques and immunomodulatory protocols have contributed to
the expansion of vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) with very encouraging …