Connectomics has become a standard neuroscience methodology in a few model animals,
1 with the visual system being a popular target of study. 2–5 Combining connectomics with …

The butterfly Papilio xuthus has acute tetrachromatic color vision. Its eyes are furnished with
eight spectral classes of photoreceptors, situated in three types of ommatidia, randomly …

Colour is an important visual modality for many animals including insects. The flower-
foraging swallowtail butterfly Papilio xuthus has spectrally acute chromatic vision using UV …

The butterfly Papilio xuthus has compound eyes with three types of ommatidia. Each type
houses nine spectrally heterogeneous photoreceptors (R1–R9) that are divided into six …

The eye of the butterfly Papilio xuthus contains a random array of three types of ommatidia
(types I–III), each bearing nine photoreceptors, R1–R9. Of the six spectral classes of …

The swallowtail butterfly, Papilio xuthus, has excellent color discrimination abilities, and its
visible light spectrum is notably wide. We discuss the neural basis of color vision in P …

The compound eye of the butterfly Papilio xuthus is composed of three types of spectrally
heterogeneous ommatidia. The ommatidia, which contain nine photoreceptor cells, R1–9 …

The compound eye of the butterfly Papilio xuthus consists of three different types of
ommatidia, each containing nine photoreceptor cells (R1–R9). We have found previously …

Color vision is an important sensory capability that enhances the detection of contrast in
retinal images. Monochromatic animals exclusively detect temporal and spatial changes in …

Spectral information is commonly processed in the brain through generation of antagonistic
responses to different wavelengths. In many species, these color opponent signals arise as …