Inhalation of fungal particles is a ubiquitous way of exposure to microorganisms during
human life; however, this exposure may promote or exacerbate respiratory diseases only in …

Fungi are ubiquitous outdoors and indoors. Exposure, sensitization, or both to fungi are
strongly associated with development of asthma and allergic airway diseases. Furthermore …

The lung epithelial lining serves as the primary barrier to inhaled environmental toxins,
allergens, and invading pathogens. Pulmonary fungal infections are devastating and carry …

Highlights•The lung epithelium orchestrates immune responses to inhaled fungi or their
constituents.•Lung epithelium represents a 'tipping point'shaping protective or pathological …

Inhalation of common indoor filamentous fungi has been associated with the induction or
exacerbation of allergic respiratory disease. The understanding of fungal inhalation and …

The respiratory tree maintains sterilizing immunity against human fungal pathogens.
Humans inhale ubiquitous filamentous molds and geographically restricted dimorphic fungal …

Fungal allergy including allergic rhinitis, conjunctivitis, bronchial asthma, and allergic
bronchopulmonary mycoses results from exposure to spores. In this review we have dealt …

Background Epidemiological surveys indicate that occupants of mold contaminated
environments are at increased risk of respiratory symptoms. The immunological …

Fungi are ubiquitous and form their own kingdom. Up to 80 genera of fungi have been linked
to type I allergic disease, and yet, commercial reagents to test for sensitisation are available …

The incidence of allergic diseases worldwide is rapidly increasing, making allergies a
modern pandemic. This article intends to review published reports addressing the role of …