Explaining altruistic cooperation is one of the greatest challenges for evolutionary biology,,.
One solution to this problem is if costly cooperative behaviours are directed towards …

A fundamental problem in biology is the evolutionary transition from single cells to
multicellular life forms,,. During this transition the unit of selection shifts from individual cells …

Reciprocity, whether direct or indirect, is thought to be the key to establishing cooperation
among non-relatives. But Riolo et al. have presented a model in which cooperation is …

Why should organisms cooperate with each other? Helping close relatives that are likely to
share the same genes (kin selection) is one important explanation that is likely to apply …

In many biological examples of cooperation, individuals that cooperate cannot benefit from
the resulting public good. This is especially clear in cases of self-destructive cooperation …

Abstract The Red Queen hypothesis proposes that coevolution of interacting species (such
as hosts and parasites) should drive molecular evolution through continual natural selection …

Explaining the rise and maintenance of cooperation is central to our understanding of
biological systems, and human societies,. When an individual's cooperativeness is used by …

I OFTEN leave university committees and discussions with a renewed appreciation for one
of the central problems of evolutionary biology: how can natural selection favour cooperative …

Abstract Indirect reciprocity,,,, is a key mechanism for the evolution of human cooperation.
Our behaviour towards other people depends not only on what they have done to us but …

Although cooperative systems can persist in nature despite the potential for exploitation by
noncooperators, it is often observed that small changes in population demography can tip …