Hydronephrosis occurs when the tubes connecting the kidneys and bladder become
blocked. These tubes carry urine from the kidneys, where it is created, to the bladder, where …

The application of virtual/augmented reality (VR/AR) in medicine and healthcare has been
evolving more actively than we are aware. Roven et al.[1] reported the application of VR to …

In urology technologies and surgical practices are constantly evolving and virtual reality
(VR) simulation has become a significant supplement to existing urology methods in the …

Background and Purpose: To provide a realistic experience of lower urinary tract
endoscopic procedures, we have developed and continue to expand a computer-based …

METHODS: Patients undergoing partial nephrectomy (PN) for tumor were identified.
Standard axial non-contrast and contrast CT and/or MR images of the patient (in DICOM file …

The concept of virtual reality (VR) involves the computer generation of environments with
which a user can interact directly. Virtual reality is now being used for medical applications …

Background: Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies. Its diagnosis is
based on transurethral cystoscopy. Virtual reality (VR) is a three-dimensional world …

The most frequent kidney cancer in adults is renal cell carcinoma. Certain features limit the
successful treatment of this tumor, including resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy …

OBJECTIVES: To analyze the limitations of existing simulators for urologic techniques, and
then test and evaluate a novel virtual reality (VR) simulator for endourologic procedures of …

Background Pelvic movement training has become compulsory for part of medical students.
An increasing amount of research has focused on the influence of virtual reality (VR) on …