Electrons can be transferred from microorganisms to multivalent metal ions that are
associated with minerals and vice versa. As the microbial cell envelope is neither physically …

Minerals are ubiquitous in the natural environment and have close contact with
microorganisms. In various scenarios, microorganisms that harbor extracellular electron …

The discovery that Geobacter sulfurreducens can produce protein filaments with metallic‐
like conductivity, known as microbial nanowires, that facilitate long‐range electron transport …

The biochemical mechanisms by which microbes interact with extracellular soluble metal
ions and insoluble redox-active minerals have been the focus of intense research over the …

Microorganisms can acquire energy from the environment by extending their electron
transport chains to external solid electron donors or acceptors. This process, known as …

Electron exchange reactions between microbial cells and solid materials, referred to as
extracellular electron transfer (EET), have attracted attention in the fields of microbial …

In anaerobic biota, reducing equivalents (electrons) are transferred between different
species of microbes [interspecies electron transfer (IET)], establishing the basis of …

Autotrophic microbes can acquire electrons from solid donors such as steel, other microbial
cells, or electrodes. Based on this feature, bioprocesses are being developed for the …

Extracellular electron transfer (EET) is a type of microbial respiration that enables electron
transfer between microbial cells and extracellular solid materials, including naturally …

Microbial electrochemical techniques describe a variety of emerging technologies that use
electrode–bacteria interactions for biotechnology applications including the production of …