Fungicides account for more than 35% of the global pesticide market and their use is
predicted to increase in the future. While fungicides are commonly applied during bloom …

Losses of honey bees have been repeatedly reported from many places worldwide. The
widespread use of synthetic pesticides have led to concerns regarding their environmental …

Insecticides are chemicals used to kill insects, so it is unsurprising that many insecticides
have the potential to harm honey bees (Apis mellifera). However, bees are exposed to a …

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) and other pollinator populations are declining worldwide, and
the reasons remain controversial. Based on laboratory testing, fungicides have traditionally …

Current pesticide risk assessment practices use the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., as a
surrogate to characterize the likelihood of chemical exposure of a candidate pesticide for all …

In an agricultural environment, where crops are treated with pesticides, bees are likely to be
exposed to a range of chemical compounds in a variety of ways. The extent to which …

Honey bees Apis mellifera forage in a wide radius around their colony, bringing back
contaminated food resources that can function as terrestrial bioindicators of environmental …

Highlights•Widely used 'inactives or inerts' in agrochemicals are toxic to honey bees.•Lack of
disclosure of formulation ingredients in major products limits risk analysis.•Formulations are …

Highlights•Interaction effects may overload detoxification and immune responses.•Effects
observed at the individual level do not seem to translate to the colony level.•Colony effects …

Bees and the pollination services they deliver are beneficial to both food crop production,
and for reproduction of many wild plant species. Bee decline has stimulated widespread …