The plant immune system protects against pests and diseases. The recognition of stress‐
related molecular patterns triggers localised immune responses, which are often followed by …

Immune recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or effectors leads to defense
activation at the pathogen challenged sites. This is followed by systemic defense activation …

Next to numerous abiotic stresses, plants are constantly exposed to a variety of pathogens
within their environment. Thus, their ability to survive and prosper during the course of …

Results from global mRNA expression profiling have revealed that plants express similar
sets of defense mechanisms in response to different pathogens. Resistance is regulated by …

Pathogen recognition by plants results in the activation of signaling pathways that induce
defense reactions. There is growing evidence indicating that epigenetic mechanisms directly …

Transcriptional re-programming is a key step of plant defense in response to pathogen
recognition. Microarray analyses combined with genetic and biochemical approaches are …

Rapid (co‐) evolution at multiple timescales is a hallmark of plant–microbe interactions. The
mechanistic basis for the rapid evolution largely rests on the features of the genomes of the …

Contents Summary 70 I. Introduction 70 II. Ancient associations between plants and
microbes 72 III. Evolutionary dynamics of plant–pathogen interactions 74 IV. Evolutionary …

Current environmental and climate changes are having a pronounced influence on the
outcome of plant–pathogen interactions, further highlighting the fact that abiotic stresses …

Plants are hubs of organismic interactions. They constantly engage in beneficial or
competitive interactions with fungi, oomycetes, bacteria, insects, nematodes, and other …