Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) plays a pivotal role in a range of biological processes,
including the control of cellular proliferation and differentiation, regulation of tissue repair …

Age-related progression of cardiovascular disease is by far the largest health problem in the
US and involves vascular damage, progressive vascular fibrosis and the accumulation of …

The role of the anti-inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) in
atherosclerosis has been the subject of considerable debate for a decade. In the early …

The transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) family of cytokines exert pleiotropic effects upon a
wide variety of cell types. TGFβ1 has been demonstrated to be of fundamental importance in …

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional growth factor with a wide range
of potential effects on growth, differentiation, extracellular matrix accumulation and the …

Atherosclerosis is a disease of the arterial wall that seems to be tightly modulated by the
local inflammatory balance. Whereas a large body of evidence supports a role for …

Based on diverse evidence in animals and humans, it has been hypothesized that
atherosclerosis, and other injury-induced hyperplasias such as restenosis, may result from a …

Current theories suggest that atherosclerotic and restenotic lesions result from imbalances
between systems that are proinflammatory/fibroproliferative versus the endogenous …

Transforming growth factor β (TGF-β1) is a pleiotropic cytokine with many and complex
effects in cell and tissue physiology. This is made possible by a very complex and …

The transforming growth factor type-β (TGF-β) superfamily of ligands, receptors, binding
proteins and ligand traps together plays a key role in the maintenance of normal blood …